"What Is law Of Relativity?" (Concluding part):
"The law of Relativity resembles a building, consisting of two isolate stories, the extra law and the normal Theory. The extra Theory, on which the normal law rests, applies to all bodily phenomena with the exception of Gravitation; The normal law provides the law of Gravitation and its relation to the other forces of Nature"
Geometry Proofs Help
- Albert Einstein thus consolidates the principle behind the normal law of Relativity which forms the basis of this article.
First let us see how the normal law is an extension of extra law and some of its applications.
Special law deals with the frames of reference fascinating with uniform velocity. Bodies fascinating under the sole influence of a gravitational field gain an acceleration that does not depend upon the material or the bodily state of the body. Einstein realised that this property of gravitational field implied equivalence, which became the basis of his normal law of Relativity.
Two Time measuring devices, if placed at the centre and at the edge of the rotating disc will show a grand result. With respect to K(disc at centre) the devices would be both at rest. But with respect to K' (edge) the appeal of the disc will show a Time Dilation at the edge with respect to time measured at the centre. The clock at the periphery runs enduringly at a slower rate than that at the centre. As observed from K. Hence, in a gravitational field, a timing device will run at dissimilar rates depending on where it is situated. Approved measuring rods placed tangentially nearby the circumference C of the disc will all be contracted in length due to the relativistic length contraction. Measuring such rods from K over the diameter will not show any such contraction (as against the contraction in tangential position). Hence the value of 'Pi' i.e. C/D will be more. (Because C, the circumference increases and D, diameter remains the same). This is an extension of the notion of of elongation of length in extra law to curved space in normal theory.
Normally the value of Pi, that is Circumference/diameter will be 3.14159. But in the case of above circular appeal it is larger. Euclidean geometry does not hold good in an accelerating frame, by the principle of relativity within a gravitational field. Spaces in which propositions of Euclid are not valid are sometimes called Curved Spaces. For example, the sum of the internal angles of a triangle drawn on a flat sheet of paper will be 180 degrees, but a triangle drawn on a curved covering of a sphere will not effect this Euclidean rule. Einstein realised that rays of light would be perceived as curving in an accelerated frame. So, the final end was, rays of light are propagated curvilinearly in gravitational fields. Experimental proof for this was available by means of photographs taken of stars during the solar eclipse on 29th May, 1919. The deflection of starlight nearby the Sun's mass was confirmed.
In normal Relativity, material bodies effect lines of shortest length called Geodesics. The motions of the material bodies are therefore carefully by the curvature of space in the region through which they pass. This is the essence of normal law of relativity. The curvature of space and bending of light had been proved in all the cases of observed stellar activities.
Application to Super-string theory: The proposal of Curvature of Space and Time has both Scientific and Philosophical significance. When any object or observable event enters from non observable Universe to observable Universe it enters the field of Space and time which is curved. Einstein's this observation is a fore runner for the super string theory, which leads to spin 2 particles, which are known as ' Gravitons '. Also the super string law contains a portion law of the gravitational interactions, which is the domain of normal Theory.
The foremost disagreement in the middle of the extra and normal theories, as explained above is that in extra theory, movements of bodies are with uniform velocity and without fascinating acceleration whereas normal law deals with bodies fascinating with acceleration, especially under the influence of accelaration due to gravity. Let us see how this gives rise to new concepts of inertial and gravitational masses having great Philosophical importance too, explaining the notion of Life itself.
Let us dream an elevator, so far removed from stars and other large masses that there is no appreciable gravitational field. The observer will feel weightless. If a rope attached to the top of the elevator were to be pulled with a constant acceleration of 981 m/sec2 the observer would detect this acceleration as a force reaction on the floor. The experiences of the observer in an elevator are equivalent to the experiences of an observer in an elevator in the Earth's gravitational field of drive 9.81 N/ kg. The force reaction at the feet of the observer in the accelerating frame is due to the observer's Inertial Mass (the mass that represents the reluctance of the observer's body to accelerate under the influence of a force) which is exactly equal to gravitational mass.
The equivalence of inert mass and gravitational mass has necessary implications for the nature of space and time under the influence of a gravitational field. This, in fact, relates to circular motions and so linked with centrifugal forces. Suppose an observer A takes measurements from a Galilean (non-relativistic) frame K of non-Galilean (relativistic) frame K' which is a rotating disc inhabited by an observer B. A notes that B is in circular appeal and experiences a centrifugal acceleration. This acceleration is produced by a force, which may be interpreted as an effect of B's inertial mass. But as per the above results of experiment 1, B may voice that he is as a matter of fact at rest under the influence of a radially directed gravitational field which once again proves the equivalence of the two.
Let us see how Gravitation is linked to Life.
The law that Inert Mass is equal and opposite to Gravitational Mass is in itself an explanation to life on Earth. The inert mass is Life vigor and the Gravitational mass is the Earthly challenges it faces. Till the time they are equal, the life manages to exist. But, as explained in the article " What is life? ", the Entropy i.e. Disorder goes on addition which is compensated by Negative-Entropy supplied by treatment etc. But once entropy overpowers the body i.e. Inert mass, the body is unable to fight the gravitation in the negative side, and this process is called death.
Thus, a gorgeous co-relation is brought in the middle of Life and Gravitation. Life contains all the forces of Nature in the body, on one hand they are used for Life and on the other they are used to conquer Nature itself as Maxwell's electromagnetic forces do in fighting the original e.m.f which created them. Life contains several matter like carbon, Iron,sulphur, Iodine etc and forms of vigor such as Heat, Electricity. Magnetism, Sound etc. But the most underlying force life uses is Gravitation.
All the above forces are building blocks of a living being. The same forces help in opposing and conquering the bodily world.
Hence, life is essentially a balancing act with Gravitation. Thoughts inscribed in the brain cells come to the fore one after the other in series as per the vigor supplied to them. The most foremost thing is the feeling of "I". This comes when the embryo starts movement inside the ovary i.e. When it Feels the Gravitation. From that occasion onward the process of struggle for subsistence starts (against the force of gravitation) as surviving the challenges put forward by the surroundings.
Summing up:
In part I, we saw how extra law of Relativity explained Light as the Universal vigor connecting matter and energy. On the Philosophical side, we saw that there is another Light inside the body known as 'Inner Light" which is the guiding force and replica of the specialist fascinating Plan which is beyond Space, Time and conservation laws. Brain is the capacity to throw light in the fields of Space, time conservation laws and beyond.
In this Ii part, the extra law has been extended to the normal Theory. The basis of the discussion was Inert mass is equal to the Gravitational mass. In a relative appeal nearly at speed of light, the acceleration gives raise to growth in mass and the time dilation which results in curvature in space. Objects move in a four dimensional curved space. On the Philosophical side, it was discussed that life is a negating force to gravitation, and that force too is nothing but gravitation as proved in the equality of Inert and Gravitational mass. Also a reference has been given to curvature of Space and time relating it to Super string theory.
Advantages of this article:
Various aspects of relativity, including varied technical terms are explained in a very uncomplicated manner. The contents of these two articles are scarcely available in school/college text books. Any learner of Science when he goes through these articles would be able to understand the rudiments completely and able to effect difficult aspects completely and easily. Philosophers, not accustomed to technical terms also can understand and apply them to relativistic Philosophy.
Wishing the readers all success.
general principles of Relativity Is Built on extra principles and Establishes the Supremacy of Gravitation
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